workplace moving and handling - 1730 Words

Manual Handling in the Workplace for Healthcare Personnel – A Summary of Relevant Legislation and Guidance This article summarises key aspects of legislation and guidance relevant to manual handling in the workplace for healthcare personnel. Introduction As with all other work based activities, manual handling should be considered in respect of its health and safety implications for employees and other users of the work environment. In the United Kingdom, manual handling in the workplace is subject to legislation, the implementation of which is addressed through a number of Government bodies. In addition, guidance for healthcare practitioners is available from various professional bodies. Legislation There are five key areas of†¦show more content†¦Such equipment must be maintained in good repair, initially and regularly inspected and records of inspections kept. Employers shall: ! ! ensure that work equipment is used for operations for which, and under conditions for which it is suitable ensure that work equipment is maintained in an efficient state, in efficient working order and in good repair Lifting Operation and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998 These apply to the use of lifting equipment in all sectors of industry and in all work activities. Lifting equipment for lifting clients must: ! prevent a person using it being crushed, trapped or stuck or falling from the carrier†¦. and has suitable devices to prevent the risk of the carrier falling ! be such that a person in any carrier is not thereby exposed to danger and can be freed ! fit for purpose ! be clearly marked with its safe working load and all accessories marked in such a way as to identify the characteristics for their safe use Employers shall: ! ensure that lifting equipment is positioned or installed in such a way as to reduce to as low as is reasonably practicable the risk of the equipment or the load striking a person or from the load, drifting, falling freely or being released unintentionally and is otherwise safe ! ensure that every lifting operation involving equipment is properly planned by a competent person andShow MoreRelatedUnit HSC 20281406 Words   |  6 Pagesto the importance of correct moving and positioning of individuals One of the most important parts of the body is the spinal column. It is made up of individual bones called vertebrae. Joints connect all of these individual bones together and ligaments connect to bones to support joints. Not moving an individual correctly can cause stress and injury to the spinal column, this can cause ligaments to sprain. this is why individuals should never be dragged when moving them as the joints in theirRead MoreEssay about Qcf 6431080 Words   |  5 PagesQUB900 Unit Ref | QCF643 | Title | Moving, Handling and Storing Resources in the Workplace | Level | 2 | Credit Value | 5 | Learning outcomes The learner will be able to: | Assessment criteria The learner can: | 1 | Comply with given information when moving, handling and/or storing resources. | 1.1 | Interpret the given information relating to moving, handling and/or storing resources, relevant to the given occupation. | | | 1.2 | Interpret the given information relating to theRead MoreMove and position1455 Words   |  6 Pagesanatomy and physiology of the human body in relation to the importance of correct moving and positioning of individuals The anatomy which the physical structure of the body and physiology which is the normal functions of the body help individuals to move their limbs. Muscles have the power of contraction thus it produce movement of the body and allow the bones to work like hinges. When moving someone/individual it is important to remember that the muscles can only move the joint as farRead MoreUNIT HSC 20281621 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿UNIT HSC 2028 Move and position individuals in accordance with their care plan. 1.1 Anatomy: The physical structure of the body. Physiology: The normal functions of the body. When moving and positioning an individual it is important to ensure they are not moved more than their body is capable of, as muscles can only move bones at the joint as far as the joint allows. It is also important to move and handle correctly to ensure nerve fibres are not damaged as they are delicate structures and alsoRead MoreManual Handling1499 Words   |  6 PagesManual handling cafà © and restaurant industry Industry injury data shows that kitchen hands, cooks, waiters and chefs across all age categories sustain the highest number of injuries. Most of the injuries occur when lifting, handling or reaching and most commonly result in sprains and strains of muscles and joints. Manual handling is the most common The Commission for Occupational Safety and Health Code of Practice on Manual Handling outlines a three-step approach to control manual Read MoreThe Importance Of Materials Handling Procedures For The Safe Storage And Handling Of Materials1252 Words   |  6 PagesMaterials Handling In layman’s terms, materials handling is the identification, storage, and movement of materials between locations. (Siddhartha 2017) A more complete definition suggests that materials handling is â€Å"a system or combination of methods, facilities, labor, and equipment for moving, packing, and storing of materials to meet specific objectives.†(Kulwiec 1985) Regulatory bodies provide organizations with guidelines for the development of procedures for the safe storage handling of materialsRead Morehealth and safety Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge of health and safety policies and procedures in your workplace. As a health and social care worker, it is important that you are competent in assessing risks and hazards and implementing good practice on health and safety. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING These activities assess your knowledge of health and safety. There are different items of legislation that you must know about as well as the policies of your own workplace. Task 1 This task will enable you to demonstrate that youRead MoreLeve3 Dip K21051 Words   |  5 Pagesincludes the spinal cord in (diagram 2) which is located in the back. The spinal cord contains all the nerves that enable the body to function. It is protected by the spinal columns which consist of bones known as vertebrae. Using incorrect moving and handling methods can lead to musculoskeletal injuries to both the service user and social care worker. Bones can be broken if a person is dropped or falls to the floor. Individual can also suffer fractures if pressure is applied to their limbs. ThereRead MoreQCF 641 642 643 Generics1448 Words   |  6 Pages GENERIC UNIT KNOWLEDGE QUESTION PACK QCF641 Conforming to General Health, Safety and Welfare in the Workplace QCF642 Conforming to Productive Working Practices in the Workplace QCF643 Moving, Handling and Storing Resources in the Workplace Learner Name Learner Signature Registration Date Registration Number Date Pack Started Date Pack Completed Assessor Number Assessor Signature Assessor Comments KNOWLEDGE RECORD SHEET Unit Number UPK Number Answered QCFRead MoreAssignment 208 Task A Essay862 Words   |  4 Pagesform must be recorded and the manager informed. Aiii List of the principles to be followed for safe moving and handling: Avoid moving and handling where possible. Ensure you are aware of the contents of associated risks assessments and work in line with them. Always follow your workplace procedures and never undertake an activity for which you have not received training. Always follow your workplace dress code. If the load is a person, explain what you are going to do, reassure the person throughout

Personal Performance Of A Good Worker Essay - 1123 Words

Having self-awareness relates to being able to measure and maintain personal performance. A good worker is able to maintain personal performance when faced with unforeseen issues, as well as varying work conditions and work contexts. Being aware of one’s self means learning to identify possible factors that might halt or interfere with the achievement of work objectives, so as to maintain personal performance in varying circumstances. Make plans that adhere to restrictions and schedules, and manage your time effectively so that if contingencies do occur, you can still achieve your targets. Making plans such as these will also help to minimise factors that may have a negative effect on the progression of tasks. Identifying possible factors that may interfere with your goals can help to reduce things that may waste your time, distract you, or make you less effective. Is it important to identify the ways in which we use our time so as to firstly, be effective in choosing the correct objectives to focus on, and secondly, to then concentrate on how efficiently we are meeting our objectives. This means appropriately prioritising tasks. Setting and Meeting Own Work Priorities Prioritising Work So as to overcome time wastage and maintain personal performance we must set realistic goals. With the use of deadlines, we can frame our goals so that they are challenging, but not overly challenging whereby they become unachievable. A task may be challenging when an overarching goal isShow MoreRelatedDifference between Classical Approach to Management and Behavioral Viewpoint1302 Words   |  6 Pagesscientific management means find out the best different way from the given ways to improve the performance level of individual worker. If you will appoint the same job to the worker as he done before then he will do that work properly and in appropriate manner and I will also save the time and money and it will improve the productivity of organization. Advantages: 1) With the help of this approach worker will perform their work properly 2) It will create peaceful environment in organization 3)Read MoreCompare and Contrast Expectancy and Goal Setting Theories of Work Motivation. Which Do You Find the More Useful and Why?1384 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivate their workers through incentive schemes and objective-setting exercises. As their original authors admitted, however, both also have some limitations and they also have contrasting implications in some respects. In particular, expectancy theory might suggest that setting very difficult goals may de-motivate workers who do not expect to be able to achieve them, while Locke’s theory would suggest that tough goals (‘stretch targets’) can lead to greater effort and so enhanced performance, even ifRead MoreNew and Improved Rewards at Work Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesemployee needs for creativity and personal goal accomplishment. Some of the latest potential employee rewards include using the internet at work for personal reasons such as shopping, communicating with friends, or personal finances; brin ging a pet to work; instituting a controlled napping policy, and the sports and office betting pools.. Determine how innovations in employee benefits can improve the overall competitive compensation strategy of the organization. Workers feeling, which includes competitiveRead MoreEmployee Counselor Leadership Competency Model1211 Words   |  5 Pagescareer information, and personal problems that affect job performance. For this discussion, the focus is upon the competency model for job counselors. Many times employee personal problems can become company problems and managers are the first members of management to become aware of these difficulties. When employee’s personal problems cause their own work performance to suffer, the performance of their co-workers is also affected. The point is, that employees’ personal problems can have a â€Å"dominoRead More Motivation In The Workplace Essays1605 Words   |  7 Pageshave been several theories as to what motivates employees to do their best at work. In order to better understand these theories we will apply them to a fictitious organization that has the following three types of employees: salespeople, production workers, and administrat ive staff. We will discuss which of these theories would or would not be most effective to motivate these employee groups and try to explain why. The motivation theories that will be discussed are: Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, ERGRead MoreMotivation and Leadership in Social Work Management1470 Words   |  6 PagesMotivation and leadership are very important components in social work management. Good managers should be aware not only of practical facets of that but also have a theoretical bases. That is why the work titled Motivation and Leadership in Social Work Management was written. The author of that composition is Elizabeth Fisher from Shippensburg Uniwersity in Pennsylvania. In that paper she is articulating some kinds of motivation or leadership theories and how they apply to social work. FirstRead MoreJob Characteristics Model1001 Words   |  5 Pagesthe consequences of job design involving motivation, job satisfaction, performance, and other vital features of organizational behavior. The job characteristics model concentrates on the aspect that makes jobs intrinsically motivating. Hackman and Oldham rationalize that when employees are intrinsically motivated, good performance makes them feel good. This feeling motivates them to persist to execute at a high level, so good presentation becomes self-reinforcing. [pic] Core Job Dimensions AnyRead MoreEthical Leadership in the Universal Business World659 Words   |  3 PagesPlato once asked whether you would rather be an unethical person with a good reputation or an ethical person with a reputation for injustice. Ethical leadership has long been a debate in regards to its importance and place in the universal business world. Hard wired leaders are usually very set in their ways whether those ways are ethical or not. Leaders are hard wired in terms of their morals, and ethical value and cannot change otherwise. For example a leader who is hard wired as being ethicalRead MoreCarter Cleaning Cases 9-10 Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesCarter Cleaning case: Chapter 9 1. Is Jennifer right about the need to evaluate the workers formally? The managers? Why or why not? Jennifer is absolutely correct in having these employee evaluations done formally. Reason for is to protect Carter Cleaning Company and its business goals from discrimination charges or violations of Title VII of the 1964 Civil rights Act. Informal evaluations can lead to unfair appraisals which can open a can of unexpected problems. All employees should receive formalRead MoreReflect an Improve on Professional Practice Essay1080 Words   |  5 Pageswe are examining issues of professional development? It is important to observe agency guidelines for a few reasons some of these are; -To ensure performance processes are consistent with organisations principles -To ensure there is a clear link between business plans and individual performance development -To ensure that the performance management process is not a negative and daunting experience that causes and employee to feel useless after it. -To ensure that the evaluation is in

Solutions On Students Stress In Education †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Solutions on Students Stress in Education? Answer: Introduction Stress is a state of being under too much mental or emotional pressure that triggers negative thoughts. One useful model helpful in understanding stress amongst learners is "The Person Model. This model states that stressful events are seen by a person as threatening or challenging ("Commitment to interactive process resolves discrimination complaint", 2016). However, when a student sees learning as a threat, stress can bring him/her competency as well as increased level to learn. But what are some of the problems and solutions on learners stress in education? Financial problems Some students cannot afford the tuition fee, let alone the uniforms plus books they are supposed to purchase with their money. Most of the students engage in child labor not only to afford fees for their studies but also to support their families, while others work on part time basis to cater for their education. Throughout students time in school, almost everyone faces financial challenges because they have to buy learning materials by themselves as well as meet their transport expenses (CURRICULUM, 2017). Solutions Learners can survive this problem at ease and with little effort. They can take part-time jobs related to their studies so as to get a practical experience of their real field. Alternatively, students can start freelancing work that can help them earn some real cash while studying Lack of guidance Students have been under pressure due to lack of proper guidance. For example, teachers may lack professionalism required to guide the learners. Hashemi (2011) argues that some of them are untrained, but they find themselves in the learning institutions. However, the need for early education is to induce students into the importance of education, but because of lack of professionalism by their teachers who can guide them, they lose morale in their studies. Consequently, high expectations from relatives plus lack of guidance cause stress among students. Solution Learners should have prerequisite knowledge regarding the profession of their choice prior to taking it as a future career. As a result, they need to seek consultation from people already engaged in the same field for clearer information and guidance Examination system Nowadays, learners are evaluated not on their ability, but regarding the basis of the class. However, this demoralizes students with poor financial and weak backgrounds. Also, the examination system not only evaluates learners on the aspect of cognitive abilities but centralizes on the memory test (Kezar, 2007). Solutions The examination bodies needs to focus on research with an objective of exploring the world by understanding and not cramming Communication barrier Learners are subject to regular changes in the language used to teach. However, they can learn the language although majorities are unable to comprehend whats written in the text. Also, lack of confidence can cause the language barrier among the students ("Pakistan Education News Colleges Scholarship Result Admission Jobs | ilmkidunya", 2017). In learning institutions, a student can encounter others who speak fluently hence lose confidence in class Solution The education system should be set according to the native language of a nation. Educating through mother tongue promotes not only country's language, but also learner's understanding is enhanced. Although English is international, it should be optional because the majority of the students cannot understand it well. Imposed study programs Saleem (2017) holds that students are not given free will to choose a program of their choice. Teachers, Parents and guardians impose study program to their children that they do not feel comfortable while studying. For example, a student wants to be a tour guide, but the teacher forces her to do engineering. This can make the learner not perform because of stress and lack of concentration Solution Parents and guardians should understand what their learners want and help them achieve their goals. Also, students should be made aware of the scope and challenges in any field they have interest in so that they can weight out their potential as well as prepare themselves psychological References Commitment to interactive process resolves discrimination complaint. (2016). Campus Legal Advisor, 17(1), 10-10. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cala.30404 CURRICULUM, T. (2017). Education. Research-education-edu.blogspot.com. Retrieved 12 May 2017, from https://research-education-edu.blogspot.com/ Hashemi, M. (2011). Language Stress And Anxiety Among The English Language Learners. Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1811-1816. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.349 Kezar, A. (2007). Creating and sustaining a campus ethos encouraging student engagement. About Campus, 11(6), 13-18. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abc.190 Pakistan Education News Colleges Scholarship Result Admission Jobs | ilmkidunya. (2017). Ilmkidunya.com. Retrieved 12 May 2017, from https://www.ilmkidunya.com/ Saleem, Z. (2017). Problems faced by students in current educational setup their possible solutions. SayPeople. Retrieved 12 May 2017, from https://saypeople.com/2012/04/30/problems-faced-by-students-in-current-educational-setup-their-possible-solutions/

The Clinton-Lewinsky Scandal Essays - Lewinsky Scandal,

The Clinton-Lewinsky Scandal The Clinton-Lewinsky Scandal Lately, the top story in the news day after day, months after months have been about William Jefferson Clinton, also known as Bill. Who could blame them, there is nothing better than a story out of the ordinary, especially one with presidential status. For the past months he has been the most talked about figure, being the essential topic for news, talk shows, late night comedy and even going as far as the big screen. Talk about 'Primary Colors' and 'Wag the Dog.' What has gotten to me the most however, were the constant flow of Republicans, along with a few Democrats, who just want to say how shocked and embarrassed they are along with the people of the United States. The president had not just become the most talked about figure, but also one history had ever seen, so far that is, breaking the record and becoming a topic of conversation and debate 'twenty-four seven.' The people, who I think were most affected by this crisis and feel very sad for, are the Republicans, since they had lost severe amount of sleep over the president's bedroom crisis. They had to perform their republican duties by shocking our brains with the president's affair with Monica Lewinsky. We had to ignore the rest of the world news and its issues while they plough through the valley of lies, abuse of power and something they called high crimes and misdemeanors. At first we listen and listen and listen but eventually got bored. Not a whole lot of people felt comfortable smelling someone dirty laundry which was aired for a very, very long time. I personally got tired of this never ending story a very long time ago, since I have a great deal of respect for Mr. Clinton. I love the guy and no I am not talking romantically. I love Mr. Clinton as a teacher and most importantly as a role model. There is a story behind how Mr. Clinton earned my respect, which had nothing to do with his cute looks, but rather his character. From what I've seen, he is a hardworking, dedicated, and caring individual. Most of all, he maintains his personality as an ordinary person just like you and me. His work as a president for the past years speaks for it self. From what I've observed, Mr. Clinton is always willing to act on the people's behalf and addressing the issues that concern them the most. From looking at him more and more over the years, I want to be like him, ready to solve problems and in making peace. I marvel at his energy and his way of commanding respect, which he has not only gained from the American people but also from a few Canadians like my self. I think the Canadian population would agree there is certainly more spice to him than our Chretien. You as a reader, would probably say she is stubborn and has a very one-sided way in viewing Mr. Clinton, and you are probably right. Maybe you can see the Republicans way too. My bottom line is however, when the President take off his mask as leader of a country, he is an ordinary man. Like you and me, in general, he is an honest person. He is also one that would cover his tracks by telling a lie. In any case, from the time I was introduced to Mr. Clinton, I built my life by starting to walk in his gigantic footsteps, steps that I may never be able to fill but, also steps that I would not let out of sight. Why would I keep following in his footsteps? The truthful answer to that question is, I was watching him and my verdict is, he's worth every second.

Futuristic Architecture An Overview

Futuristic Architecture An Overview Introduction Architecture is the discipline concerned with the design of buildings and cities. Architects make use of their professional skills to create buildings and spaces that can be utilized for various purposes. The field of architecture has witnessed significant changes over the centuries. Architects have adjusted their practices, form and material to take advantage of the technologies of the time. Even so, architects generally rely on history with the contemporary buildings having many features or styles from the old era.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Futuristic Architecture: An Overview specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A unique form of architecture, which emerged in the early 20th century, is futuristic architecture. This form of architecture represented a major deviation from the traditional architecture since it was strongly anti-historical and placed a great emphasis on technology and modernism. Advoc ates of futuristic architecture declare that this art form will positively affect society. They argue that in an era of diminishing resources and advancing of technology, futuristic architecture will improve building design efficiency. In spite of these positive impacts of futuristic architecture, it is considered by many to be an irrational type of art. This paper will set out to provide an informative overview of futuristic architecture and then proceed to highlight why it is considered an irrational type of art. Emergence of Futuristic Architecture The futurist movement emerged as a revolutionary concept that sort to deviate from the traditions and instead focus on technological development and daring experimentation. This movement was inspired by the great fascination with machines that the pioneers of the movement had. Daidalos reveals that the accuracy and speed of machines led to a cult of the machine age in the early 20th century (32). Artists therefore sort to incorporate t he aspects of the machine into building designs. Futuristic architecture can trace its beginnings to the Italian artist, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, who began the futuristic movement through the publication of his Futurist Manifesto in 1909. Marinetti advocated a move away from tradition and an embracing of modernity (Jensen 36). The movement started by Marinetti in Italy had a significant following of architects, artists, and engineers. The Movement’s Philosophy Futurism was based on the philosophy of modernism and a freedom of expression. It is strongly against sentimentalism and history and therefore adopts an opposing view of the past. Futuristic Architecture fights against the sentimentalism of the romantic era and embraces originality (Coleman 315). The futurism manifesto explicitly calls for the destruction of the adoration of the past or the obsession with history. Instead, technology and modernity should be exalted in place of the past (Ialongo 440). Since futurism is not restricted by the historical views, it allows a wider spatial thought for design. Architects are therefore able to come up with ideas that merge science and design. Advocates of this form of art claim that it will shape modern architecture and design in a wholly different manner. By accommodating bold imagination, futuristic architecture will allow artists to create forms that embrace ideas of science, technology and modernity.Advertising Looking for article on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Key Figures in Futuristic Architecture The first key figure in futuristic architecture is the Italian Artist Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. Ialongo refers to Marinetti as the leader of Futurism and credits him for the movement’s early expansion throughout Italy and Europe (393). Marinetti founded the futuristic movement and published its manifesto in a popular magazine of the time. This exposed the concept of futurism to the wider public leading to significant attention by many artists and architects. The new concept advanced by Marinetti was characterized as a dynamic, energetic and radical movement that wholeheartedly embraced the modern and fought against the past. The Italian architect, Antonio SantElia is credited with having created the first elaborate set of futuristic designs. His drawings were of a futuristic city, which was highly mechanized and modern. It had visionary features such as aerial walkways and huge monolithic skyscrapers. SantElia was killed in 1916 while fighting in the First World War. His proposed futuristic designs were therefore never built and most were only exhibited in galleries. However, the clarity and authenticity of SantElias work exemplified the originality and boldness that the futurist movement wanted to promote (Coleman 316). For this reason, Sant’Elia’s work became a source of great inspiration for futurists. Architects all over Eu rope held his drawings in high regard and futurists consider his work the earliest example of futuristic architecture. The Italian architect Angiolo Mazzoni made significant contributions to futuristic architecture. After joining the futurist movement in 1933, Mazzoni designed a number of original and futuristic buildings in Italy (Jensen 40). One of the most notable works by Mazzoni is the heating plant and main controls cabin at Santa Maria Novella railway station. For its time, this technical facilities building was a masterpiece and ahead of its time. Mazzoni’s design was functional, complex, and highly efficient. It exemplified the ideals of futurism and therefore inspired futuristic designers for decades. Evolution of Futuristic Architecture Technology plays a central role in futuristic architecture. Leuth declares that technology as the vehicle of Utopia will supply the building blocks for the futuristic structures (319). It can therefore be expected that futuristic ar chitecture should change with changes as technological advances are made. Futurism began with the machine age where the futurists exalted the machine and its inherent attributes such as speed and sleekness.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Futuristic Architecture: An Overview specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since its beginning in 1909, Futuristic architecture has undergone some significant evolutions. The first major evolution was after the Second World War. In this period, the world was introduced to the atomic bomb and before long, the Space Race between the US and the USSR was in progress. Futuristic architecture was therefore inspired by these two technologies. The designs made by architects who subscribed to futuristic concept in this era were greatly influenced by space and the atomic bomb (Leuth 320). The post WWII era was followed by the post-modern futurism era, which started from the 1960s. Prominent fut uristic architects such as Yona Friedmans and Arata Isozaki created impressive designs that were utopian. Arata Isozaki created the design for a space city in 1960 while Yona Friedman proposed a spatial city above Paris in 1963 (Daidalos 33). Over the decades, futuristic architecture evolved to focus on using innovative technology to create structures that were efficient and modern. Present day futuristic designs address issues such as climate change and resource limitation. They often accomplish this by proposing mega-structures that are built with sustainability in mind. Why Futuristic Architecture is an Irrational Type of Art Futurism seeks to replace human art form with non-human products. Cottom elaborates that for futurists, all nuances of the past such as sentimental love, museums, and libraries must be abolished and replaced with machines (87). The founder of futurism, Tommaso Marinetti, contends that the goal of this concept is â€Å"to create ‘non-human’ poet ry, as well as other arts foreign to humanity, by way of transformations that would follow from the mechanization of humans† (Cottom 87). Due to the rejection of history, futuristic architecture tries to create designs in an entirely different manner. For the futuristic architect, originality and detachment from the past is desirable (Coleman 344). In an attempt to fulfill this core component of futurism, architects create fresh designs that tend to be obscure or and lacking in aesthetic value. Rational art relies heavily on historical forms and human emotions. Artists are encouraged to study historical material and use this as inspiration for their own works. Most of the futuristic proposals by architects are based on technologies that do not exist. There are therefore more of a fantasy since the technology that would be needed to implement them might never be developed. Bradley admits that most artists make architectural proposals that can be viewed as science fiction due to their fantastical elements (45). To support their fantastical visions of futuristic houses and super cities, some artists point out that while internal combustion engines and coal-powered factories were not present 250 years ago, the two are not family technologies that have transformed the world (Bradley 45).Advertising Looking for article on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is therefore plausible that humankind will develop the sweeping technological changes that will make the fantastical visions by todays artists realizable. While technological progress is assured, it is not possible for architects to accurately predict the path that this progress will take. Creating a design that is based on technology that might never be developed is irrational. Futuristic architecture is not always able to transform the futurist visions presented by artists into bold urban forms. As noted, futurism requires architects to come up with bold and revolutionary designs. These designs are functional in nature and often have a modern aesthetic appeal. However, in most cases the forms proposed are novel and exciting but impossible to implement (Coleman 344). The bold and often provocative ideas presented by futuristic architecture only exist as hypothetical designs. As such, while they do offer inspiring visions of a glamorous future, the designs cannot be realized at t he present time. A significant shortcoming of futuristic architecture is that it is too general in nature. Futurists present a vague idea of the forms that architects should create. Futurism provides broad terms such as emphasis of technology, reinforcement of original behavior, and destruction of sentimentalism and history (Bradley 46). However, no specific means of achieving these lofty ideals are provided. Without the availability of a clear means for achieving futurism, architects are often unable to create the dynamic and energetic art forms. Conclusion This paper set out to provide an overview of futuristic architecture and discuss by it is an irrational form or art. It began by acknowledging the significance of architecture and how this discipline has changed with technological progress by humans. It then traced the beginning of futuristic architecture in Italy under Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. The paper has shown that futurism seeks to transform futurist visions into bold urb an forms that are characterized by great imagination and a deviation from the past. A review of the most influential futuristic artists has been given and their contributions illustrated. The paper has then elaborated on why futuristic architecture is an irrational type of art. It has shown that while some futuristic designs are based on existing technologies, most of the novel designs are based on technology that is yet to be developed making them fantastical. Futuristic architecture plays a role by giving architects the chance to present their utopian visions. However, these visions are hardly ever realized and they only remain to be inspirations for other architects and designers. Bradley, John. â€Å"The Urban Remodeler.† Popular Science 277.1 (2010): 45-47. Web. Coleman, Nathaniel. â€Å"Utopic Pedagogies: Alternatives to Degenerate Architecture.† Utopian Studies 23.2 (2012): 314-354. Web. Cottom, Daniel. â€Å"Futurism, Nietzsche, and the Misanthropy of Art.â⠂¬  Common Knowledge 13.1 (2007): 87-97. Web. Daidalos, Bosman. â€Å"Form Follows Function.† Berlin Architectural Journal 74.1 (2000): 30-37. Web. Ialongo, Ernest. â€Å"Filippo Tommaso Marinetti: the Futurist as Fascist, 1929-1937.† Journal of Modern Italian Studies 18.4 (2013): 393-41. Web. Jensen, Richard. â€Å"Futurism and Fascism.† History Today 45.11 (2000): 35-42. Web. Leuth, Gabriele. Architecture in the Twentieth Century. Vienna: Taschen, 2001. Print.

4 traits all great talent acquisition teams should have

4 traits all great talent acquisition teams should have Here’s a simple business truth: In any company, regardless of age, focus, or industry, you’re only as good as your talent- which also means that you’re only as good as your talent acquisition team.It’s true- talent acquisition is an essential aspect of any strategic, forward-thinking business, and with the intense level of competition among companies at all tiers vying to build the best teams possible, you better make sure that the individuals in charge of sourcing, vetting, and acquiring new candidates for your company are at the top of their games.While there’s no simple â€Å"one size fits all† formula for building a great talent acquisition team, there are some things that you should look out for when building your team, in an effort to stack the odds in your favor that you have effective recruiting professionals working for you. HR Blog recently published an article that highlights some of the qualities you should keep an eye out for whe n building your team. Consider the following to help guide your team-building efforts!Stellar communication skillsIt’s no surprise that great recruiters are usually great communicators who possess the skills to attract top-tier potential candidates, hold their interest and make them realize how important and valued they are, get them excited at the prospect of joining your company, and convince them that your company is the best choice for their next great professional opportunity. In today’s rapidly evolving work world, where top-tier talent has more options than ever before, the ability of your recruiting team to attract and acquire new talent is critical. If recruiters can’t sell you on the idea that they’re effective professionals, how are they ever going to sell candidates on the idea of joining your team? Make sure you hire individuals with top-notch communication skills to staff your talent acquisition team.The ability to self-manageGreat recruiter s are tireless professionals who seem to operate at higher frequencies than mere mortal employees, and must be experts at managing their own schedules and juggling their constantly rotating list of priorities. According to the HR Blog, â€Å"Recruiters are usually rather busy. Great recruiters are busy doing the tasks that will create the most value for the company. You have to be able to prioritize and manage your time. You need to know when to say no and where to go that extra mile. Of all the attributes you need as a recruiter, understanding what to prioritize might be the most difficult thing. This competency comes from experience in understanding all elements related to recruitment, and often takes some time to achieve.† When you’re staffing your talent acquisition team, make sure you hire self-directed leaders who possess the ability to manage both their time and your company’s needs.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Organ izational knowledgeIn order to effectively sell your company to potential candidates and address any and all questions and concerns that could arise on interviews and during recruiting calls, your recruiters will need to have an unparalleled and in-depth knowledge of your company- from its history to its organization and future plans and everything in-between. Bottom line: don’t send out any recruiter to represent your company who doesn’t have an understanding of your company and business down cold. Remember, in many instances recruiters will make your first impression to potential talent for you, and you always want it to be a good one.Great instinctsEffective recruiters have great innate instincts for talent- both obvious and not-so-obvious- which includes both the all-stars and oddballs who typically move the needle, disrupt the status quo, and lead to real innovation and growth. You should be operating with complete faith that the talent acquisition professionals o n your team will be able to unearth real talent and potential at all levels.Are you looking to build a killer talent acquisition team for your business? If so, then consider the qualities mentioned here when vetting recruiters. Good luck!

What is Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is Art - Essay Example It was like art for me was ballet, Van Gogh, and those expensive pieces auctioned off at Christie’s. The keyword is â€Å"expensive† – a consumerist concept. The interactions within the lectures – those between teacher and students and students among themselves, gave me further insights. As I learned together with others, I came to understand the diversity of our perceptions, of our skills and the individual ability to construct meanings. So art may be different but it can also be universal. It is like the concept truth, in a way. I also discovered some of my personal biases and preferences and how they affect my understanding and interpretation of artworks. Having recognized this, I can say that I am now in a better position to appreciate art and identify what it is. One important principle that I learned was that in art, there is no one or single beauty because beauty is diverse. I have learned the dynamics behind this, which I believe widened my horizon and understanding so that I am able to appreciate art in its true

Evelyn Hooker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evelyn Hooker - Essay Example was that gays and lesbians are essentially maladjusted persons who need the help of society to be re-integrated and to have normal lives like most people. Her personal and professional life was influenced to a big extent by her mentor with name of Prof. Karl Muenzinger who encouraged her to pursue further studies on behaviorism, in particular the sub-topic of homosexuality. Her interest in this particular subject was due to her making friends with one of her students (name was Mr. Sam From) who was homosexual and challenged her to study him and other homosexuals to disprove commonly-held notions. Her various experiments disproved homosexuals as socially maladjusted people; her studies in effect showed this group to be well adjusted socially no different from the general population. Her studies were used by the gay rights movement to promote their own advocacies. Her personal life starting from her high school years, through college, to the masters program and eventually, the doctorate program influenced her research work because she saw all these as a way to get out of poverty and the drudgery of house work. She was quite lucky to be acquainted with professors who encouraged her to do groundbreaking research work but by her own admission, she did the research more out of curiosity and empathy. Her anonymous fellowship for a year of study in Europe gave her valuable insights to the events happening there at that time, specifically the persecution of the Jewish people at the hands of Hitler and Nazi Germany. She further traveled to Russia at around this time also and saw with her own eyes and through direct experience social injustices such as the rampant and overt discrimination against certain ethnic minorities. This gave her impetus to focus her studies on clinical psychology which gave birth to her almost exclusive concentration on the study of homosexuality in which this group of people are discriminated against as deviants. A turning point in her career

L4 Reading Essay Example for Free

L4 Reading Essay What do listening and reading comprehension skills have in common? ?BOTH ARE RECEPTIVE SKILLS ?THEY PROVIDE INPUT FOR LLS (LLS NEED TO BE EXPOSED TO THE LANGUAGE THEY LEARN AS much as possible) ?LLS LISTEN AND READ BOTH EXTENSIVELY AND INTENSIVELY ?INPUT HYPOTHESIS (KRASHEN) – LLS ARE ABLE TO ACQUIRE LANGUAGE THAT IS SLIGHTLY ABOVE their level (i+1) ? GOALS OF LISTENING AND READING – SIMILAR ?IT IS NECESSARY TO FOCUS ON THE PROCESS, NOT ON THE PRODUCT ?THREE STAGES: PRE-, DURING-, AFTER- ?IN COMPARISON WITH LISTENING AND SPEAKING, READING IS A RELATIVELY EASIER SKILL. ?REASONS: ? THE READER HAS TIME TO PROCESS THE WRITTEN TEXT (HELP OF A DICTIONARY) ? WRITTEN TEXT CAN BE USED REPEATEDLY Bottom-up view of Reading ?PROCESSING IN READING FROM LETTERS TO SOUNDS, TO WORDS, TO MEANING (DATA-DRIVEN) ?COMPREHENSION TO PROCEED LINEARLY FROM THE ISOLATED UNITS (LETTERS, WORDS) TO HIGHER units of comprehension. Top-down view of Reading Reading texts 1. Literary texts (novels, short stories, plays, essays) 2. Specialized or technical texts (reports, reviews, textbooks) 3. Correspondence (letters, e-mails, postcards) 4. Journalistic literature (articles from newspapers and magazines, weather reports). 5. Information texts (dictionaries, timetables, signs) 6. Realia (tickets, menus, recipes) Different kinds of reading 1. Scanning – looking for a particular piece of information. 2. Skimming – looking for the main idea or the general gist of a passage. 3. Extensive reading – longer texts for pleasure, needing global understanding 4. Intensive reading – shorter texts, extracting specific info, detail Decide: skimming, scanning, extensive reading or intensive reading ?THE ‘WHAT’S ON’ SECTION OF THE LOCAL PAPER ?A NOVEL ?AN ARMCHAIR TRAVEL BOOK ABOUT A COUNTRY YOU HAVE ENJOYED VISITING ?A NEWSPAPER  ? A TEXT IN CLASS ?A SERIES OF ARTICLES, ONLY SOME OF WHICH WILL BE USEFUL TO YOU, FOR A REPORT YOU’RE writing ?A POEM ?THE TELEPHONE DIRECTORY ?A POSTCARD ?INSTRUCTIONS FOR KITSET FURNITURE YOU’RE ASSEMBLING (YOU’RE USUALLY NOT VERY GOOD AT doing this) ?A TRAIN TIMETABLE ?A RECIPE ?A TRAVEL BROCHURE WHEN YOU ARE TRYING TO DECIDE ON A HOLIDAY DESTINATION Reading aloud ?FOR PRACTISING PRONUNCIATION AND INTONATION (CHILDREN) ?SHADOW READING: ? LLS FIRST LISTEN TO THE WHOLE TEXT (NOT BE VERY LONG, ONE PARAGRAPH) ?LLS LISTEN TO ONE SENTENCE, THE TEACHER STOPS THE CD AND LLS READ THE SENTENCE OUT,  paying attention to correct pronunciation and intonation ?WHEN THEY CAN DO IT WITHOUT ANY PROBLEMS, THEY ARE ASKED TO READ THE TEXT TOGETHER with the CD ?AFTERWARDS, INDIVIDUAL LLS MAY BE ASKED TO READ THE TEXT OUT. Feedback on during-reading activities ?AFTER LLS HAVE READ THE READING COMPREHENSION TEXT AND WRITTEN THEIR ANSWERS, THEN check the answers in pairs ? LLS UNDERLINE THOSE SENTENCES – THE EVIDENCE FOR THEIR DECISIONS ?AFTER THE ANSWERS AND THE EVIDENCE HAVE BEEN CHECKED IN PAIRS OR SMALL GROUPS, THE T elicits the answers from the LLs ?ELICITATION – T KNOWS WHICH PASSAGES CAUSED PROBLEMS AND CAN HELP LEARNERS TO  analyse the particular section ? IF LLS’ ANSWERS DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER, T SHOULD NOT TELL THEM THE CORRECT ANSWER, BUT let LLs discuss their decisions and evidence and come to a conclusion Reading Strategies for Efficient Reading ?BE PREPARED FOR READING THE TEXT (ASK QUESTIONS FOR YOURSELF WHICH YOU THINK THE TEXT may answer; read the title, subtitles; look at pictures and other visuals to predict the content of the text) ? READ THE TEXT QUICKLY FOR THE GIST; ?YOU MAY HIGHLIGHT KEY VOCABULARY AND LOOK THE KEY WORDS UP; ?TRY TO UNDERSTAND THE MAIN IDEAS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THEM; ?TRY TO FIND THE LINKING WORDS; THEY INDICATE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN IDEAS AND MAKE the text coherent; ?IGNORE UNKNOWN WORDS OR TRY TO GUESS THEIR MEANING FROM THE TEXT; ?USE DIFFERENT READING STRATEGIES TO READ DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXTS (SKIMMING, SCANNING, reading for detail) ? READ WIDELY Don’t!!! ?TRANSLATE THE TEXT; IT REQUIRES VERY CAREFUL READING WHICH IS NOT NECESSARY FOR understanding the main ideas and doing the tasks; ?TRY TO UNDERSTAND EVERY WORD, IT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR UNDERSTANDING THE MEANING OF THE text; ?READ ALOUD; IT SLOWS YOU DOWN AND IT MAKES YOU LOOK UP THE WORDS YOU CANNOT pronounce.

Physics of Color Vision and Color Blindness Essay example -- physics e

What is Color? To understand what color is, we first need to understand what light is. Light, as perceived by humans, is simply electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between roughly 380 nm and 740 nm. Wavelengths below 380 nm and above 740 nm cannot be seem by the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength just below 380 nm is known as ultraviolet radiation. Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength just above 740 nm is known as infrared radiation. The sun, black lights and fluorescent lamps are all sources of ultraviolet light. Heat is a source of infrared radiation, which is how thermal vision works. Electromagnetic radiation between the wavelengths of 380 nm and 740 nm constitute light and the human color-vision spectrum. There is evidence that other animals, namely insects and birds, have a color-vision spectrum that extends further into the ultraviolet range. Evolutionary factors greatly influence the development of color vision in different animals and species. Although the human color-vision spectrum is continuous, it can be broken down into discrete ranges of colors which are then labeled with specific names. Surfaces gain the appearance of color based on their reflection and absorption of different wavelengths of light. A surface that reflects all wavelengths of light appears to be white. Conversely, a surface that absorbs all wavelengths of light appears to be black (and also heats up as a consequence of absorbing this electromagnetic radiation). If a surface does not reflect all wavelengths of light equally, it will appear as a color in the human color-vision spectrum. Color Vision Color vision is a highly-debated gray area that lies somewhere between physics and psychology. As we h... ... apart. Be afraid to drive near me because I'm a bad driver. I didn't feel so smart in kindergarten. Between the color flash-card tests and the green suns I was apparently drawing with my crayons, kindergarten was not exactly the high-point of my life. Thank goodness for those little brown spots on bananas! They say that bananas go from being green to yellow when they ripen. To me, they go from being yellow to yellow, so I only trust the spots. Bananas rule! That one game of soccer... When I was a kid, I played in this one game of soccer where my team had green jerseys and the opponents had yellow jerseys. Somewhere in the middle of this game, the sun started shining in such a way that I could not tell the jerseys apart anymore. This was the worst game of soccer I've played in my life. I quit soccer and took up bowling. I showed them.

Language and Pragmatics Essay

Language is the common ground for everyone. It is the thing that links a society together because this is how they communicate and understand each other. It is common, therefore, that one culture can feel confused when dealing with other people from different cultures. This is due to the fact that even if they learn a certain language, they will still need to learn the culture of the people to be able to communicate properly. It is not enough that one learns the words. A person should be also knowledgeable of the ways certain words or phrases are used or what is proper or not to say during conversations for him or her to completely understand a particular culture. One of the things that I got interested in from the lecture was phatic communion, which is a â€Å"form of communication between people which is not intended to seek or convey information but has the social function of establishing or maintaining social contact. † This is very apparent in the American culture. People have the tendency to automatically ask how the other is doing and the other is expected to respond with just a simple answer. It is not meant to ask how a person is really feeling but it is just a polite way of acknowledging the person’s presence. I have experienced this form of communication since I started living in this country. It is hard to miss it because people use it everyday in the grocery store, at the mall, coffee shop, even at school. I can relate to the examples in the lecture notes because Spanish is my first language. I also had difficulty in learning the English language because of its complications like the phatic communion. At first, I thought that people were concerned about me and the things that are going on with my life. However, when I got used to the language, I came to realize that this was just some form of formality and that I am not expected to give a detailed response. Living in this country, I have also learned that it is not unusual for people to greet each other even if they are complete strangers. People say hello to each other when they pass them on the street. However, this is not being friendly for them. People have become accustomed to it and would feel uncomfortable if they did not acknowledge the other person. This is in contrast to other cultures where people would feel scared or uneasy if a stranger would say hello to them on the streets out of nowhere. They might think that the person has other intentions other than just to be polite. Personally, I think that people from different cultures talk fast because they are already used to the language and they have mastered it since the time they learned how to speak it. As such, fast-paced talking is not only applicable to the Americans but to everyone as well. Some cultures can only seem soft spoken because of their voices but they are still fast-paced if one listens carefully. Another interesting observation is the difference between men and women in terms of listening. As a woman, I can relate to the lecture notes where it is indicated that women tend to nod to show that they are listening to someone. I actually do this just to show appreciation to the speaker, especially when he or she is looking directly at me while speaking. It is a polite way of saying that I am listening although I may not be agreeing to what he or she is trying to say. This is different from what men do and I have noticed this in the way my husband reacts when someone is talking and he is in the audience. There is no indication that he is listening and will only be apparent when he nods his head in agreement with the speaker. I think that women’s reaction is better because if it were me speaking, I would like to know if my audience is listening or not even if they may not agree to what I have to say. It is encouraging to know that the audience is interested in my speech and that I am not being ignored. The last topic that I found interesting is the different ways on how to say no or refuse to someone. I agree with this because sometimes, people find it very difficult to say no in fear of offending the other person. As such, people find different ways to say no and this include offering an alternative, putting the blame on another, diverting the attention to another topic, or through postponement. Doing these things will make it easier to say no and will not make the other person feel bad about the situation. Personally, I do not have a hard time saying no to people, especially if I strongly feel that refusing is the right thing to do. However, it is still good to know how to say no indirectly because we have to realize that people react to things differently. One may be fine with accepting no for an answer while others may take this against you. I think that learning a language and the ways of a certain culture is essential in being able to communicate with the culture’s people effectively. This is the only for an outsider to become accepted and feel comfortable in using the language. It is also a way for a person to learn what is proper and what is unacceptable, which is important for some cultures because there are certain things that might offend them without the person even knowing. It can be said, therefore, that learning a second language is difficult, especially if the person learning it is not even living in the country or place where that language is being used. Exposure is needed for one to learn and acquire a culture’s language and customs. Without experiencing it first-hand, it is hard to practice the language and apply it to one’s everyday lives. It is also better to communicate with the people who use the language everyday so that the person can practice speaking it and using it much better. The person will be able to learn faster and easier if there is first-hand exposure.

William Manchester

William Manchester gained his notoriety in a series of biographies based upon the life of Britain’s Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Through his writings in this work, Manchester made the colorful life of Churchill come alive as Manchester was able to capture an aspect and human aspect that had been missed by many of the other books on Churchill. The same is the case in this book: The World Lit Only by Fire. The book is divided up into three separate and distinct parts. The first part deals with the typical medieval European mind and all the impediments to free thought and learning that the Catholic Church had over the individual in his opinion. However, out of that time, according to Manchester, there was still able to emerge, some of the greatest minds, along with some of the greatest contributions, the world has ever known in the field of science, religion and philosophy. Manchester makes a list of twenty eight such individuals. Some of these would include Martin Luther, Copernicus, Machiavelli, Erasmus and his hero and the man to whom he will constitute the last third of the book about: Magellan and the great importance that Manchester feels, was the contributions that he gave to medieval Europe. The second aspect of the book deals with the Catholic Church and its role of importance and dominance in Europe during that time as well as the corruption of the Popes and the rise of humanism as a direct response to the Catholic Church. The Europe of the Middle Ages is a very large subject to tackle and Manchester does his best to encompass all of the major themes of that time as he sees it, into one comprehensive study. As the title suggests, Manchester attempts to show the relationship between the Medieval Mind and how it evolves into the Renaissance. This occurs through the evolution of religious thought into a more modern day aspect, a complete look at education and philosophy with major contributions to these fields occurring at this time along with the successes in exploration. However, this transformation would not occur overnight. At the beginning of the section entitled â€Å"The Medieval Mind† Manchester states that the age is plagued with the lasting effects of The Black Death, famine, illiteracy and common daily violence surrounding the courts of Europe. Manchester’s concept of the Medieval Mind also comes from the influence that the church has on almost every aspect of society, an influence that Manchester feels served as an impediment to learning. The example of Saint Bernard Clairvaux is given when he states that: â€Å"the pursuit of knowledge, unless sanctified by a holy mission†¦ Is a pagan act, and therefore vile.†[1] The medieval man or woman was left with nothing else than to contemplate God’s wrath and displeasure at their sin. Manchester stated that the only form of society that a typical man or woman felt was what was offered to them by the church. It is then that Manchester tackles The Reformation. In this, he credits both Erasmus, a moderate on issues of religion and which was ahead of his time in Christian thought and tolerance for other versions of Christian Faith, and Martin Luther, who took the Catholic Church head on and did all that he could to show the corruption of the church and dedicated his life to the education of the people. Due to the fact that the masses were not able and/or not allowed to learn how to read, the version of Christianity that was offered to the typical parishioner was typically void of Biblical truth in favor of Catholic Church doctrine which were sometimes in direct conflict with Biblical truths. Manchester goes into detail about the corruption of the church being allowed to flourish, due in part, to the masses inability to read and to know that what was being taught to them was not entirely true. In response to Pope Leo X who was in need of obtaining a large amount of revenue in order to finish the Basicilla at St. Peter’s, allowed Johan Tetzel to sell indulgences which offered eternal salvation to anyone willing to pay for it, Luther became outraged and sought to attack, possibly not the church as a whole, but this doctrine which was completely in conflict with Romans 1:17 which said that the righteous shall live by faith. The resistance that Luther offered to the Catholic Church eventually turned into the Protestant Reformation and as a result, there are more than 650 million Christians of a Protestant section. Another in the chief contributions that Luther gives to his German people, according to Manchester, is the completion of a German language Bible. In order to complete this, Luther had to be hidden away in a tower out of fear of retribution which would lead to death by agents of the Catholic Church, set on suppressing this which they saw the translation as well as the attacks that Luther made in response to the Catholic Church to be vile and wicked. Manchester, with regard to The Reformation, sees the entire process as being avoidable. Manchester sees the corrupt Popes during that time as well as the rigid rules that were put in place by the Catholic Church as being not only unnecessary, but also doing much to incite the masses against the church once an antagonist, such as Luther comes onto the world stage. However, since it did happen, Manchester sees The Reformation as not only a split between the church but also in history as much of Europe could now be split into one of two groups: persons belonging to the Medieval Mindset of superstition and absolute religious adherence, or a new consensus that allowed for the emergence of Copernicus and Galileo and above all in the mind of Manchester, the explorer Magellan. Manchester, in a continuation of his degradation of the Popes of this age, believes that their behaviors not only led to the religious reformation but also to the rise of the humanists. â€Å"Humanism†¦ led to the greatest threat the church had ever faced.†[2] The new inventions and ideas brought on my men like Da Vinci and Copernicus, according to Manchester, put into question â€Å" the certitude that knowledge had been forever fixed by God.†[3] The assertions by Copernicus as well as Galileo, brought into question the whole of idea of God’s omnipotence. Despite the fact that nowhere in The Bible does it claim that the sun revolves around the earth, since the Catholic Church asserted that this was the case and since the church had placed such a stronghold over the minds of the people, any blow to The Catholic Church and their faulty logic, also bought into question, the validity of Christianity as a whole. As a result, since some felt that God could not be trusted and that the inability to see him made the case for faith even harder, the only other logical source was to become a humanist and to believe in the capabilities of man since that is easier to see and to trust in the minds of the faithless. The corruption of the Catholic Church at that time, coupled with the inventions of Galileo and Copernicus, along with the huge popularity of Luther and Erasmus, a more secular and humanistic world view seemed to emerge and as a result, helped usher in the influence of The Renaissance. This brings us to the last section of the book which Manchester has entitled â€Å"One Man Alone.† A full 1/3 of the book is filled with the actions of the explorer Magellan and how Manchester gives a glowing review to the man and his accomplishments. According to Manchester, Magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe â€Å"was the crowning triumph of the age, the final decisive blow to the past.†[4]Manchester includes this accomplishment as not only the greatest of the Middle Ages but also as part of a bigger picture: the religious revolution brought on by Luther and to a lesser but still important degree, Erasmus, the increase of secular power that Copernicus brought on with his achievements towards science. The majority of this section is a glowing review of Magellan and it seems to be, as one critic said: â€Å" a hero worship of the man.†Ã‚   Of all the people of importance that   contributed to Medieval society, Manchester makes a list of the twenty eight most important people. Some of these include Luther, Copernicus and Erasmus. The man that is seated on the top of this list of notables is Magellan. Manchester regards Magellan as â€Å" the linchpin for the men of the Renaissance.† [5] Manchester does not go into detail concerning what he means by this but rather gives a general review of the age which included both high and low culture. Manchester praises Magellan’s handling of the mutiny aboard ship, overlooks his distance miscalculations and refers to Magellan as the era’s greatest hero. In this hero worship of Magellan, Manchester seems to overemphasize the importance of Magellan and ignored the explorations of others. However, for Manchester, Magellan is the quintessential definition of what a hero is. â€Å"The hero acts alone, without encouragement, relying solely on conviction and his own inner resources.†[6] For Manchester, Magellan has always come to define such ideals. Manchester’s ultimate argument is that Magellan’s voyage is directly connected to the shattering of what he had come to define throughout his book, as â€Å"The Medieval Mind.† That is to mean, in Manchester’s opinion, a world that is ruled by superstitions as well as not only the corrupt Catholic Church but seemingly, most or all organized religions combined. Many reviews of Manchester’s book, The World Lit Only by Fire, does not contain a scholarly opinion of the book as Manchester’s telling of the events and conclusions to those events do not seem to be objective. There is seen within the pages of The World Lit Only by Fire, a great deal of biases, anecdotes and humor that seems out of place in a scholarly work of history. Yet, the book, for fans of Manchester as well as those interested in a fascinating read, will find his book, advantageous to that endeavor. A World Lit Only By Fire is an informative read, yet as its purpose does not possess educational intentions, it tends to include humor, perspectives, biases, and anecdotes that readers may consider not to be objective. In what was supposed to be a forward on a friend’s book about Magellan, is turned into a separate work on the Middle Ages and all that is occurring at that time. Manchester gives a less than glowing opinion of the Catholic Church, from the Popes all the way down to the nuns and places full blame upon the corruption and the questioning of there ever being the need for a Reformation in the first place, if The Catholic Church had remained pure and free from corruption. However, The Middle Ages also saw the rise of the humanists which placed their faith in what they could see rather than in what they wanted to see or were told to see by a dominating force as in the form of the Catholic Church. The achievements of Copernicus, Da Vinci and Magellan helped to usher in the rise of scientific thought that was seen to a great degree in The Renaissance that was to follow the days and events that are portrayed in Manchester’s book. A newly educated class comes out of the Middle Ages which will turn into the humanists. And to an alarming extent, compared to their ancestors from the region, become disillusioned about religion to a degree that is seen still to this day in America and in much of The West. In this regard, Manchester points out, as he does in many of his books, the idea that History is not static. That its importance is not bottled up in a far away land and in a time that does not serve any purpose to contemporary society. Manchester works more like a novelist than a historian as he overlooks anything that could serve as evidence to the contrary of Manchester’s assertion that the average Medieval Mind was pathetic and weak. It seems that Manchester regards as much, anyone during that time that does not have the honor of being on his list of twenty eight notables who lived during the Middle Ages. For those who agree, A World Lit Only by Fire will serve to validate such opinions. For those who feel as though there always more occurring during that time than has the been the consensus among a small but consistent minority of historians, the book will have the reader responding out loud to some of the assertions that Manchester makes. But in the end, William Manchester is a entertaining and, for those that cannot forget his works on Churchill, a great writer. WORKS CITED Manchester, William.   The World Lit Only by Fire. The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance. [1] Manchester, William.   The World Lit Only by Fire. The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance. 8 [2] Manchester, William.   The World Lit Only by Fire. The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance p. 112 [3] Manchester, William.   The World Lit Only by Fire. The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance p. 91 [4] Manchester, William.   The World Lit Only by Fire. The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance p. 294 [5] Manchester, William.   The World Lit Only by Fire. The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance p. 33 [6] Manchester, William.   The World Lit Only by Fire. The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance p. 225

Demasiado Spanish Word Usage

Demasiado Spanish Word Usage Demasiado is a common adjective or adverb that usually carries the idea of too, too much, too many, excessive or excessively. When used as an adjective, demasiado precedes the noun it refers to and agrees in number and gender with it. Demasiado can also appear in the predicate of a sentence following a form of ser. Tres partidos polà ­ticos son demasiados. Three political parties are too many. Hay demasiado azà ºcar en los cereales de los nià ±os. There is too much sugar in childrens cereals. Fue demasiada la tentacià ³n. The temptation was too much. Tener demasiados amigos en Facebook provoca estrà ©s y culpa. Having too many friends on Facebook causes stress and guilt.  ¿Se puede tener demasiado amor, demasiada fe o demasiada honestidad? Considero que no. Can one have too much love, too much faith or too much honesty? I think not. As an adverb, demasiado is invariable - that is, it doesnt change in form. It typically comes before any adjective or adverb it affects the meaning of but after any such verb. El verano llegà ³ demasiado rpido. Summer arrived too quickly. El expresidente habla demasiado y sus declaraciones son desatinadas. The former president talks too much and his statements are foolish. Dicen que los coches ecolà ³gicos son demasiado caros. They say green cars are too expensive. Soy demasiado inteligente para creer en esas cosas. Im too smart to believe in those things. Las reas brillantes pueden aparecer demasiado blancas en las fotos. Bright areas can seem too white in the photos. El problema es que mi marido trabaja demasiado. The problem is that my husband works too much. In popular speech, you may sometimes hear demasiado as an adverb made to agree with an adjective it refers to, but this is not considered grammatically proper Spanish. As an exception to the rule, however, it is correct to make demasiado agree with forms of poco: Pasan demasiadas cosas en demasiadas pocas pginas. Too many things happen in too few pages. Sample sentences are adapted from a variety of sources. Among those used in preparaing this lesson: Tiempo (Honduras), ABC (Spain), San-Pablo.com.ar, Bogo de la web, Actualidad Motor, Reina del Cielo, Ideeleradio, Sony.es, ForoAmor.com, Cinemascope.

How to Bring Clarity to Business Writing

How to Bring Clarity to Business Writing Clarity in business writing allows your ideas to be easily understood, free of add-on words that make a sentence murky and convoluted. There are several rhetorical strategies to achieve clarity, but here are three techniques that best sweep away the bloat to let your ideas shine. Business Writing Clarity Strategy #1: Unsmother Your Verbs Focus on verbs.They are the action of a sentence, and the best opportunity to enhance clarity. Imagine watching a Bruce Willis movie that shows Bruce napping or knitting or whittling on a park bench for 90 minutes... Bored yet? So too are readers if your writing has little action or wimpy verbs. Unsmother your verbs. Smothered verbs are so common in business writing that they feel correct when you use them. However, a smothered verb adds nothing but bloat and the tone feels both timid and boring to a reader. This article will explain smothered verbs in detail. You will cut at least 25% of unnecessary words by simply unsmothering verbs. Let the verb do its job in a sentence without smothering add-on words. The impact on business writing clarity is amazing. Business Writing Clarity Strategy #2: Avoid Adverbs Choose powerful verbs that connote meaning, which don't need a second modifying word to do their job! For instance: "The attendant shouted loudly." "The attendant shouted," is a perfect sentence. "Loudly" is inferred and extraneous. "The executive ran quickly into the boardroom." "Ran quickly" is wasteful. Pick a better verb. "The executive sprinted into the boardroom" is concise, visual, and lively. Business Writing Clarity Strategy #3: Recognize the Power of Short Words. Years back, some business writers felt they conveyed their intelligence more by dropping long words, when short words actually worked better. Rhetorically, this has never been good writing. Long words don’t make you sound intelligent unless used very skillfully and judiciously. In the wrong situation they’ll have the opposite effect, making you sound pretentious and arrogant. They’re also less likely to be understood and more awkward to read. I've always loved Hemingway's response when Faulkner criticized him for his limited word choice: Poor Faulkner. Does he really think big emotions come from big words? He thinks I don’t know the ten-dollar words. I know them all right. But there are older and simpler and better words, and those are the ones I use. Example: Fine, but can be improved: It has never been a good writing practice to use big words indiscriminately. Better: It has never been a good writing practice to use big words needlessly. ("Needlessly" is shorter and simpler than "indiscriminately.") Best: It has never been a good writing practice to bloat with big words. (More powerful verb "bloat" instead of vague verb "use" eliminates the need for modifying adverb "needlessly.") Remember this maxim:Write to express, not to impress. Good business writers use short words well. Richard Lederer sings the praises of the short word to enhance clarity in his book, The Miracle of Language: Here is a sound rule: Use small, old words where you can. If a long word says just what you want to say, do not fear to use it. But know that our tongue is rich in crisp, brisk, swift, short words. Make them the spine and the heart of what you speak and write. Short words are like fast friends. They will not let you down. Read more about the power ofshort words. A clear business report allows an executive to easily understand a recommendation. A clearbusiness email allows all the readers to quickly understand. A proposal that clearly expresses your value wins the sale. Apply these clarity principles, and we're all able to understand each other better. Enjoy this article? Subscribe to this blog.

Ideas of Calculus III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ideas of Calculus III - Essay Example Time as a vector value is used to study geometry of space curves and velocity of a moving object. Calculus III also teaches how to simplify the theories of derivative and integral to vector-valued equation (Ryan 15). Calculus also enables learners to model quantities like temperature on Earth surface, which changes from one point to another. Such quantities are expressed used tangent graphs which is a concept in calculus. The last part of Calculus III involves a 2-dimensional account of the Fundamental Theorem which is commonly called Greens Theorem. Greens Theorem is the mathematics behind potential energy and physical notions of work that is a major step towards understanding magnetic fields and electricity (Ryan 45). Calculus students ought to access computers in order to develop intuition and visualize on the concept they learn about the course. The computer lessons are part of the course work and they include programmed questions that students ought to solve by the help of the computer (Ryan 25). The main aim of Calculus III is to enable learners to develop critical reasoning skills and new problem solving techniques and prepare them for advanced study in physical science, mathematics and engineering (Ryan

Three parent in vitro fertilization research paper Essay

Three parent in vitro fertilization research paper - Essay Example The first step of the IVF is also called super ovulation and involves medicinal stimulation of the ovulation process in a woman. Contrary to the normal ovum production in a month, the stimuli initiate multiple ova production at the same time and technology helps to monitor the ovulation and the woman’s hormone. The second step of IVF however involves surgical operation that extracts the ova from the woman’s reproductive system. Pain reliever drugs are administered and ultrasound technology used to inform movement of surgical materials into the ovary for extraction. Once an ovary is dealt with, extraction is done from the other ovary. In case of a woman’s inability to ovulate, third party is involved in egg donation (Storck, 2014). Once the egg is obtained, it is mixed with a sperm and placed in a favorable environment for fertilization that occurs naturally after a few hours. Sperm may however be forced into the egg to increase chances of fertilization. Multiple fertilizations, from the many extracted eggs can be allowed. The third stage involves monitoring and evaluation of embryos and begins days after fertilization. Tests for genetic disorders and quality of embryos are the major activities. A preferred embryo is then selected and is planted in a woman’s womb. Plantation of multiple embryos means many expected children such as twins for two implanted embryos (Storck, 2014). People with infertility problems, reproductive system disorder and those beyond childbearing age use the I.V.F. This is because of the population segment’s inability yield desired traits of offspring. A blocked track that prevents passage of sperms or eggs is an example of complications that may force people into extraction of the elements for possible fusion. Unfavorable natural environment for fertilization in a woman’s fallopian tube is also resolved through a controlled laboratory environment. The procedure reports at most 43

Tremors Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tremors - Assignment Example The only thing that remains unchanged in this condition is amplitude. On the other hand, tremors can be described in various ways. There are four distinctive forms of tremors including rest tremor, intention tremor, chorea, and athetosis. The various forms are grouped based on characteristic moment or the situation of occurrence (Abdo et al., 2010). The resting tremor is identified with various characteristics. It can be perfectly noticed when the affected body part is not in motion and when there is no influence of gravity. The other notable thing is that this type of tremor usually disappears during voluntary actions (Abdo et al., 2010). The tremor may also be activated through eye closure or distraction. In some cases, the tremor is observed in the arm when the affected person is walking. The other characteristic is that this type of tremor can be extremely focal (Abdo et al., 2010). The other type of tremor is intention tremor. The tremor occurs through controlled movements. The main characteristic of this tremor is that its amplitude increases wi th time in the movement until the anticipated target is reached (Abdo et al., 2010). It is easily noticed in patients as they engage in various forms of movements. On the other hand, chorea is characterized by random movements. The movements are involuntary and experience some form of interruption. The random movement is as a result of the difference in timing, duration, direction, or the anatomic location (Fung & Wong, 2012). Such random movements may occur from one muscle to the other, in the neck, face, and tongue. The other form of tremor is athetosis. It is described as slow, uninterrupted, and involuntary movement that hinders continuance of a normal posture (Fung & Wong, 2012). The movements are usually smooth and the flow is not interrupted at any stage. The assessment and diagnostic tools used in evaluating a patient are

A Comparison Of Machiavelli And Hobbes Politics Essay

A Comparison Of Machiavelli And Hobbes Politics Essay Machiavelli and Hobbes were the most important political philosophers of early modernity. Politically, modernitys earliest phase starts with  Niccolà ³ Machiavellis works which openly rejected the medieval and Aristotelian style of analyzing politics by comparison ideas about how things should be, in favor of realistic analysis of how things really are. He also proposed that an aim of politics is to control ones own chance or fortune, and that relying upon providence actually leads to evil. Machiavelli argued, for example, that violent divisions within political communities are unavoidable, but can also be a source of strength which law-makers and leaders should account for and even encourage in some ways.  [1]   Machiavellis recommendations were sometimes influential upon kings and princes, but eventually came to be seen as favoring free republics over monarchies. Machiavelli in turn influenced  Francis Bacon,  Marchamont Needham,  Harrington,  John Milton,  David Hume, and many others.  [2]   Important modern political doctrines which stem from the new Machiavellian realism include  Mandevilles influential proposal that Private Vices by the dexterous Management of a skilful Politician may be turned into Public Benefits (the last sentence of his  Fable of the Bees), and also the doctrine of a constitutional separation of powers in government, first clearly proposed by  Montesquieu. Both these principles are enshrined within the  constitutions  of most  modern democracies. It has been observed that while Machiavellis realism saw a value to war and political violence, his lasting influence has been tamed so that useful conflict was deliberately converted as much as possible to formalized political struggles and the economic conflict encouraged between free, private enterprises.  [3]   As I said in the first paragraph of this essay I will start with  Thomas Hobbes, attempts were made to use the methods of the new modern physical sciences, as proposed by  Bacon  and  Descartes, applied to humanity and politics. Notable attempts to improve upon the methodological approach of Hobbes include those of  Locke,  Spinoza,  Giambattista Vico  and Rousseau.  David Hume  made what he considered to be the first proper attempt at trying to apply Bacons scientific method to political subjects, rejecting some aspects of the approach of Hobbes.  [4]   Modernist republicanism openly influenced the foundation of republics during the  Dutch Revolt  (1568-1609),  English Civil War  (1642-1651),  American Revolution  (1775-1783) and the  French Revolution  (1789-1799 A second phase of modernist political thinking begins with Rousseau, who questioned the natural rationality and sociality of humanity and proposed that  human nature  was much more malleable than had been previously thought. By this logic, what makes a good political system or a good man is completely dependent upon the chance path whole person has taken over history. This thought influenced the political (and aesthetic) thinking of  Immanuel Kant,  Edmund Burke  and others and led to a critical review of modernist politics. On the conservative side, Burke argued that this understanding encouraged caution and avoidance of radical change. However more ambitious movements also developed from this insight into human  culture, initially  Romanticism  and  Historicism, and eventually both the  Communism  of  Karl Marx, and the modern forms of  nationalism  inspired by the  French Revolution, including, in one extreme, the German  Nazi  movement. Francis Bacon inspired by Machiavelli Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was one of the leading figures in natural philosophy and in the field of scientific methodology in the period of transition from the Renaissance to the early modern era. As a lawyer, member of Parliament, and Queens Counsel, Bacon wrote on questions of law, state and religion, as well as on contemporary politics; but he also published texts in which he speculated on possible conceptions of society, and he pondered questions of ethics (Essays) even in his works on natural philosophy (The Advancement of Learning).  [5]   After his studies at Trinity College, Cambridge and Grays Inn, London, Bacon did not take up a post at a university, but instead tried to start a political career. Although his efforts were not crowned with success during the era of Queen Elizabeth, under James I he rose to the highest political office, Lord Chancellor. Bacons international fame and influence spread during his last years, when he was able to focus his energies exclusively on his philosophical work, and even more so after his death, when English scientists of the Boyle circle (Invisible College) took up his idea of a cooperative research institution in their plans and preparations for establishing the Royal Society.  [6]   Bacons method for permeating his philosophical ideas into the collective unconscious of the age can best be summarised in his motto: bene visit qui bene latuit One lives best by the hidden life. Bacon resurrected the Rosicrucian Mystery School and the Freemasons, and injected new life into these secret fraternity societies so they became vehicles for the new Baconian philosophy of reason and scientific enquiry. Bacon, like Goethe, scorned knowledge that did not lead to action and also scorned the denial of evil in ourselves. Bacon was grateful to Machiavelli for his frank appraisal of the shadow side of human nature in politics: We are beholden to Machiavelli, and writers of that kind, who openly and unmasked declare what men do in fact, and not what they ought to do; for it is impossible to join the wisdom of the serpent and the innocence of the dove, without the precious knowledge of the nature of evil.  Bacons works touch on all aspects of humanity politics, religion, theology , scientific method, but his most brilliant observations are psychological. Foreshadowing the discoveries by Carl Jung about the nature of the unconscious and the shadow side of man, Bacon recognized that the baseness of man should be recognized and dealt with openly, not repressed and personified as the devil.  [7]   In modern political vernacular, Bacon was a conservative. He saw an ideal Government as one which was benevolent without the worst excesses of despotism by rulers, or by the majority the same as Machiavelli. It is almost without instance that any government was unprosperous under learned governors.  Ã‚  [8]   In science, Bacon sought nothing less than the reconstruction of a system that could be applied to the relief of mans suffering. He constructed a new Classification of Science (The Advancement of Learning, 1603-05), described a new method for the Interpretation of Nature (Things Thought and Seen, 1607, Thread of the Labyrinth, 1606, Novum Organum, 1608-20). He investigated the phenomena of nature in Natural History (1622), and showed how the writers of the past had advanced their truths to the time of Bacon in Forest of Forests, published in 1624. Bacon recorded anticipations of scientific results he felt would come from application of his methods in On Origins (1621). As a result of applying these principles, he described the basis of a new society that would emerge in The New Atlantis (1624). This Magna Instauratio, the great reconstruction, was inspired by the vision Bacon had in his youth, and was a herculean task without precedent in the history of thought. As Bacon stated in th e preface to Magna Instauratio. and I am laboring to lay the foundation not of any sect or doctrine, but of utility and power. To Bacon, Knowledge is power, not mere argument or ornament. In Advancement of Learning, Bacon suggested that all areas of life had rational rules and an empirical basis: medicine, psychology, even dreams, predictions and other occult phenomena. Yet he comes full circle at the end of this survey, concluding that science needs to be guided by philosophy. Bacon applies this to politics.  [9]   Comparison Hobbes and Machiavelli on Human Nature Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), whose current reputation rests largely on his political philosophy, was a thinker with wide-ranging interests. In philosophy, he defended a range of materialist, nominalist, and empiricist views against Cartesian and Aristotelian alternatives. In physics, his work was influential on Leibniz, and leads him into disputes with Boyle and the experimentalists of the early Royal Society. In history, he translated Thucydidess  History of the Peloponnesian War  into English, and later wrote his own history of the Long Parliament. In mathematics he was less successful, and is best remembered for his repeated unsuccessful attempts to square the circle. But despite that, Hobbes was a serious and prominent participant in the intellectual life of his time.  [10]   Thomas Hobbes and Machiavelli shared a commonality in the time period in which they each lived. Separated by approximately 100 years, both thinkers were focusing on political theory. Hobbes theory tended to focus on the social contract between a people and its government. Machiavellis theory focused on the attributes that formed a successful ruler. Examining both theories, a comparison is evident in that Machiavelli and Hobbes both seem to discuss the human nature of society. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes views human nature as individual self-preservation and as a place of constant war. There is a constant struggle between men. What causes this conflict amongst men? Hobbes believes that competition and glory causes war between men. He says, If two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies to destroy one another. He concludes that self-preservation is the only way to safeguard from being destroyed. The only way to preserve one is to become more powerful than the other. Government must also be instituted to ensure peace and security through whatever means necessary. Hobbes believes that life without government would be poor, nasty, brutish and short.  Ã‚  [11]   In the Prince, Machiavelli views human nature as pertaining to those who are ruled and those who rule. He promoted a secular society and believed that morality stood in the way. He distrusts people and believes that in a time of adversity, when the state is in need of its citizens there are few to be found. He questions the loyalty of the citizens. Because of this, he advises the Prince that, because men are wretched creatures who would not keep their word to you, you need keep your word to them. Machiavelli believed that the secular form of government to be the most successful. His views were to benefit the prince by maintaining power rather to serve the well being of the citizens. Hobbes and Machiavelli both have interesting ideas on Human Nature. Both of their ideas also contain an evident theme. The theme is the usage of fear as a means acquiring power and maintaining it. The theme of fear is not illustrated in great detail in Hobbes work as it is in Machiavellis. Nevertheless an interesting comparison can be drawn between the two.  Ã‚  [12]   Hobbes believes that people naturally fear death. The easiest and safest way to avoid death was to create a centralized state. An autocracy would ensure the universal desire for life. According to Hobbes, people would give up their power collectively to one ruler. In turn, the people would shut up and do what they were told. The only right they would have would be the right not to be killed. They would live under a tyrannical ruler who had all powers to decide good and evil for the people. He believes that fear is essential to maintain power and authority of the people. This is evident in his text with, And covenants, without the sword are but words, and strength to secure a man at all.  [13]   Machiavelli poises the question to the Prince is it better to be loved than feared or vice versa He addresses this question in regards to what benefits a ruler more. He concludes that a prince cannot be both feared and loved. Machiavelli believes that it is better to be feared by the citizens. This is seen as an economy of violence in which fear is used by violence to invoke a lasting impression on the people. This economy must happen at the beginning on an event where the timing is equally important. The violent act must be made into a spectacle done in the open where people can see and judge. People judge by appearances, so what they see will affect their mentality. The more violent the act the more fearful the individual will be of the same act upon them. Fear in a sense is used by both authors to train the people. It must be instilled upon them in order to maintain a successful regime. It is like the training of an animal. The master must instill on the animal that he is in charg e. If he does not then the animal will overpower the master. The master must make the animal afraid of him by punishing it when it does wrong. Eventually the animal will realize who is in control.  Ã‚  [14]   Spinoza and Machiavelli ideas. Spinoza is one of the most important philosophers-and certainly the most radical-of the early modern period. His thought combines a commitment to Cartesian metaphysical and epistemological principles with elements from ancient Stoicism and medieval Jewish rationalism into a nonetheless highly original system. His extremely naturalistic views on God, the world, the human being and knowledge serve to ground a moral philosophy centered on the control of the passions leading to virtue and happiness. They also lay the foundations for a strongly democratic political thought and a deep critique of the pretensions of Scripture and sectarian religion. Of all the philosophers of the seventeenth-century, perhaps none have more relevance today than Spinoza.  [15]   Spinozas political thought draws from a number of sources, both classical and modern. As one commentator puts it, Spinoza formed new conclusions from facts and concepts borrowed from others. It is worth briefly considering some of the sources of the facts and concepts that he inherits.  [16]   At some point in the mid-1650s. Spinoza began studying Latin with Franciscus Van den Enden. Van den Enden was an ex-Jesuit and radical egalitarian with revolutionary tendencies. He was put to death in 1674 after having been found guilty of conspiring to depose Louis XIV in order to establish a free republic in Normandy. Van dan Enden was an anti-clerical democrat who appears to have profoundly influenced Spinoza. One commentator has gone so far as to call Van den Enden the genius behind Spinoza, claiming that Van den Endens writings contains a political theory which is in fact the same as the one worked out by Spinoza. Whether or not this assessment is fair, it is clear that Spinozas thinking was nourished through his association with Van den Enden and the larger radical Cartesian circle in Amsterdam.  [17]   Hobbes influence on Spinoza is unmistakable. We know that Spinoza read  De Cive  carefully and that it was among his possessions when he died in 1677. He might also have read  Leviathan, which appeared in Latin in 1668, as Spinoza was completing the TTP, although we do not know this for sure. I will discuss Spinozas work in relationship to Machiavelli in some detail below. Here I want to mention the impact of Machiavellian on Spinoza. Machiavellian thought was introduced into Dutch political discourse by Lambert van Velthuysen, an anti-clerical, liberal physician. Velthuysens Dissertatio  is an unabashed defense of Machiavelli thought, in which the duty to preserve one is given pride of place. Spinoza read and admired Velthuysen as a man of exceptional sincerity of mind, and was thus disconcerted when Velthuysen denounced the TTP as the work of a cunning atheist.  [18]   Aside from Velthuysen, the other primary Dutch conduits for Machiavellian thought prior to Spinoza were the De la Court brothers. Most of the De la Courts writings were published by Pieter De la Court after the death of his brother Johan in 1660. However, because it remains unclear how much Pieter added and how much he profited off his studious younger brother, I will refer to these authors of these writings simply as the De la Courts, so as to avoid attribution problems. The De la Courts were ardent republicans who maintained good relations with Johan De Witt. Indeed, De Witt is thought to have written two chapters in the second edition of their book  Interest van Holland. The De la Courts adopted the basic features of Machiavellian anthropology, but eschewed juridical concepts like right and contract, opting to analyze the civil condition in terms of the competing interests of participants. According to them, the aim of the state is to ensure that the interests of rulers are tied to the interests of the ruled, which is possible only if one adopts a series of institutional measures, such as the use of blind balloting, the removal of hereditary posts, and the rotation of offices. Republics, they argued, will be marked by greater checks against self-interested legislation than monarchies. Spinoza evidently studied these works carefully; his institutional recommendations in the  Tractatus Politicus.  [19]   It was likely the writings of the De la Courts that impressed upon Spinoza the perspicacity of Niccolo Machiavelli. The notion of balancing the interests of competing parties was ultimately derived from Machiavelli. Spinozas  Political Treatise  is shot through with Machiavellian insights and recommendations. Right at the outset of the work, Spinoza parrots Machiavellis critique of utopian theorizing, elevating statesmen over philosophers, since only the latter begin with a realistic conception of human psychology. Machiavellian realism pervades Spinozas political writings, playing a particularly large role in the constitutional theorizing of the TP. Spinoza, like Machiavelli, understood that prescriptions for improving the governance of a state can be offered only after one has a proper diagnosis of the problems and a proper grasp of human nature.  [20]   Machiavelli and Locke John Locke (b. 1632, d. 1704) was a British philosopher, Oxford academic and medical researcher, whose association with Anthony Ashley Cooper (later the First Earl of Shaftesbury) led him to become successively a government official charged with collecting information about trade and colonies, economic writer, opposition political activist, and finally a revolutionary whose cause ultimately triumphed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Much of Lockes work is characterized by opposition to authoritarianism. This opposition is both on the level of the individual person and on the level of institutions such as government and church. For the individual, Locke wants each of us to use reason to search after truth rather than simply accept the opinion of authorities or be subject to superstition. He wants us to proportion assent to propositions to the evidence for them. On the level of institutions it becomes important to distinguish the legitimate from the illegitimate functions of institu tions and to make the corresponding distinction for the uses of force by these institutions. The positive side of Lockes anti-authoritarianism is that he believes that using reason to try to grasp the truth, and determining the legitimate functions of institutions will optimize human flourishing for the individual and society both in respect to its material and spiritual welfare. This in turn, amounts to following natural law and the fulfillment of the divine purpose for humanity.  [21]   John Locke and Niccolo Machiavelli are political philosophers writing in two different lands and two different times. Lockes 17th century England was on the verge of civil war and Machiavellis 15th century Italy was on the verge of invasion. The focus of this part of my essay is to examine the treatment of the people by both authors, to discover what Machiavelli and Locke write about the peoples role in their different structures of government. In particular, this paper seeks to understand that role in regards to the political power each author yields to, or withholds from, the people. In addition, these treatments of power and the people will be compared to the writings of another timeless political philosopher, Plato. By Discourses on Livy, The Prince, and The Republic against one another, this paper will show how writers from three very different centuries all agreed upon an identical notion of the relationship between the power of the people and their role in government. This the ory is not readily apparent upon initial reading of these authors. Indeed, most political philosophers would argue that each author has a very distinct notion of what role the people play in government. Therefore, an ideal place to start is in the differences of each authors portrayal of the people and the political power they wield. Machiavelli, the most pessimistic of the three writers in regards to humans and human nature, writes that all men can be accused of that defect which Livy calls vanity and inconsistency. He continues by writing: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦people are nothing other than a brute animal that, although of a ferocious and feral nature, has always been nourished in prison and in servitude.  [22]   Animals, that are by their nature ferocious, become scared and confused when released from captivity. Without the shelter and food they had come to expect when domesticated, they are more susceptible to future attempts at captivity. Man also becomes scared and confused in freedom after living under the government of others. Machiavelli writes that these men lack understanding of public defense or public offense, and quickly return beneath the yoke that is most often heavier than the one it had removed from its neck a little before. Men are docile like domesticated dogs or cattle, according to this description, and have a role in government of little political power. With Plato, there is a continuation of the same theme started by Machiavelli.  [23]   The oligarchic rule the city through the license of the multitude, and the orderly rule in business through the disadvantage of the multitude. Thus, Machiavelli sees the people as subjugated and Plato sees the people as fatuous, both doomed to political ineptitude. With Locke, however, the character of the people is redeemed. The people, for Locke, represent a political power akin to force. Indeed, the people are the ultimate source of power for Lockes government, whether that government is a legislative body or a prince. In the closing chapter of his second treatise, Locke details the ways that government can dissipate when rulers misuse their power. According to Machiavelli, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the people neither desire to be commanded nor oppressed by the great. In this sense, the people constitute a humor of the city, the opposing humor being the desire of the great to command and oppress the people. A man should be wary of becoming prince with the support of the great instead of the support of the people. Without their support, the prince is doomed to govern either a territory filled with an unmanageable great or a large body of unruly people. Indeed, Machiavelli echoes this in a later chapter by stating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a prince should have two fears: one within, on account of his subjects; the other outside, on account of external powers.  [24]   In both this text and Lockes Two Treatises, the authors yield an incredible amount of power to the people: the power to both influence the creation of and bring about the destruction of governments. For Machiavelli, the people are a large body of people, viewed as more formidable, and, therefore, more influential, than the great aristocrats in principality building. For Locke, the people exert a similar influence over the building of a commonwealth, since it is from the people that the power of the prince or legislature originates. Moreover, the people can decide to bring about the end of a particular regime of government if they feel that it no longer adheres to its responsibilities. Thus, the people, in both Machiavelli and Locke, appear to share a similar amount of power both in the formation of government and in its oversight: namely, that of adjudication. In the Discourses, Machiavelli writes of a cyclical succession of governments, one after another, each one rising to prominen ce only to fall to licentiousness. It is through this cycle that Machiavelli demonstrates the power of the people to adjudicate, and he argues that it is this adjudication that perpetuates the cycle. Kings rise to prominence based upon character, until the monarchy becomes hereditary and degenerates into sumptuousness and lasciviousness.  [25]   Machiavelli and Locke both considered the nature of government and mans individual interests as they relate to governmental structures. Machiavellis idea of fortune and Lockes state of nature concept both shaped the theorists arguments about the purpose of political life. It has been posited that for Machiavelli, politics is an unpredictable arena in which ambition, deception and violence render the idea of the common good meaningless, while Locke would argue that political or civil society exists only to preserve the rights of the individual. It can be argued that for both Machiavelli and Lock, political activity, then, becomes merely a means of satisfying selfish ends.  Ã‚  [26]   Napoleà ³n Bonaparte a follower of Machiavelli One of the greatest military commanders and a risk taking gambler; a workaholic genius and an impatient short term planner; a vicious cynic who forgave his closest betrayers; a misogynist who could enthrall men; Napoleon Bonaparte was all of these and more, the twice-emperor of France whose military endeavors and sheer personality dominated Europe in person for a decade, and in thought for a century.  [27]   In 1513, Niccolo Machiavelli wrote a piece of work called, The Prince. It was written to all principalities, and that which is parallel to what Machiavelli suggests is often referred to as being Machiavellian. The purpose of this essay is to ask the question Is Napoleon Bonaparte Machiavellian in Nature? By the evidence found from Napoleons life and accomplishments it can said that he was not Machiavellian in nature, which can be demonstrated by numerous accounts as well as some suggested characteristics given by Machiavelli, to support this theory. This essay will take a look at Napoleons leadership skills, his beliefs and ideals, as well as his personality that made him a great political figure. These aspects of Napoleons persona give a description of how his character was different from that in Machiavellis The Prince. In the area of leadership, Napoleon had many qualities that set him apart from the rest. Napoleon was a great leader but at times his people hated him. Machiavelli believed that, one cannot call it virtue to kill ones citizens, betray ones friends, to be without faith, without mercy, without religion; these modes can enable one to acquire an empire, but not glory.  [28]   Machiavelli said, it remains now to see what the modes and government of a prince should be with subjects and with friends. Apparently Napoleon was not a good friend considering when he was exiled the second time his friends that had been with him since the beginning were said to have killed him. Based on this it can be said that Napoleon does not display characteristics of being Machiavellian. Napoleon believed that he would be a much more successful leader if the people liked him. This is thought so because when he was trying to get political support by the people he did not user fear, he found something they all wanted to hear and he said them. Even though Machiavelli said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is much safer to be feared, then loved, if one has to lack one of the two. Napoleon also tried to make the people like him by setting up the Napoleonic Code, which was a set of laws that gave religious freedom and equality. Another illustration of Napoleons beliefs and, or ideals was, instead of appearing to have Machiavellian characteristics, Napoleon actually had them. Thus it is not necessary for a prince to have all the above mentioned qualities in fact, but it is indeed necessary to appear to have them. Napoleon was actually a feared leader and thought of people as disposable but Machiavelli only said to appear to have these traits. The final area of Napoleons behavior is his p ersonality. Machiavelli stated, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is very natural and ordinary to desire to acquire, and always, when men do it who can, they will be praised and not blamed; but when they cannot, and want to do it anyway, here lie the error and the blame.